Anoura fistulata  

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IUCN Red List Assessment:
Red List Category

DD
Data Deficient

Red List Criteria

Version

3.1

Year Assessed

2008

Assessor/s

Burneo, S. & Mantilla, H.

Reviewer/s

Medelln, R. (Chiroptera Red List Authority) & Schipper, J. (Global Mammal Assessment Team)

Contributor/s

Justification

Listed as Data Deficient in view of the absence of recent information on its extent of occurrence.
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Sourcehttp://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/136239

Range Description:

This species occurs throughout the Ecuadorian Andes, including the eastern and western slopes of the Andes of northern Ecuador, and the slopes of the Cordillera de Cndor and Cordillera del Cutuc in southern Ecuador. Its known distribution is restricted to higher elevations (1,300-1,890 m on the eastern and 2,000-2,275 m on the western slopes), where it inhabits montane cloud forests (Muchhala et al., 2005).

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Sourcehttp://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/136239

Population:

Population

Although widespread, this species is uncommon, as demonstrated by the low rate of capture in mist nets and its relative rarity in museum collections (Muchhala et al., 2005).

Population Trend

Unknown
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Sourcehttp://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/136239

Habitat and Ecology:

Habitat and Ecology

This bat inhabits mid elevations of outer slopes of the Andes. One specimen was captured in the Numbala caves, where it was roosting with 4 other individuals. All specimens have been collected in mature cloud forest habitat. Anoura fistulata consumes nectar and pollen from a number of large-flowered plants, and supplements its diet with insects. Pollen was collected from the fur of 4 individuals. Three were carrying pollen from unidentified bromeliads, 2 from Marcgravia, 2 from Meriania, 2 from Centropogon nigricans, and 1 from Markea. A faecal sample collected from 1 of these 3 contained pollen of Marcgravia, Aphelandra acanthus, and bromeliads, as well as wing scales of Lepidoptera and other insect parts. The gut contents of a 5th individual contained insect parts and pollen from Pitcairnia brogniartiana, Marcgravia coriaceae, and Markea (Muchhala et al., 2005).

Systems

  • Terrestrial
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Sourcehttp://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/136239

Threats:

Major Threats

The ecosystem on which it is highly dependant is very fragile and the rate of destruction is high (Mantilla pers. comm.).
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Sourcehttp://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/136239

Conservation Actions:

Conservation Actions

The species range is within two protected areas in which it is likely to occur although there are no records (Burneo pers. comm.)
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Sourcehttp://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/136239

Tube-lipped nectar bat:

The tube-lipped nectar bat (Anoura fistulata) is a bat from Ecuador that was first described in 2005.[2] The species name fistulata is derived from the Latin word fistula, meaning "tube". It refers to the bat's lower lip, which extends 3.3–4.8 mm beyond the upper lip and is rolled into a funnel shape. The exact function of the tube-lip is unknown. The bat has the longest tongue (8.5 cm) relative to its body size of any mammal. Its tongue is 150% the size of its overall body length.

By convergent evolution, pangolins, the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), and the tube-lipped nectar bat all have a tongue that is detached from their hyoid bones and extend past the pharynx deep into the thorax.[3] This extension lies between the sternum and the trachea.

Despite its exceptionally long tongue, the tube-lipped nectar bat has a varied diet that includes nectar, pollen, and insects. This arrangement is possible due to its short jaw. The base of the tongue is in the bat's rib cage.[4] One plant, Centropogon nigricans, with its 8– to 9-cm-long corollae, is pollinated exclusively by this bat.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Burneo, S. & Mantilla, H. (2008). Anoura fistulata. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
  2. ^ Muchhala, Nathan; Patricio Mena; Luis Albuja (2005). "A New Species of Anoura (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from the Ecuadorian Andes" (PDF, Reprint). Journal of Mammalogy 86 (3): 457–461. doi:10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[457:ANSOAC]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1545-1542. Retrieved 2006-12-07. 
  3. ^ Muchhala, Nathan (2006). "Nectar bat stows huge tongue in its rib cage". Nature 444 (7120): 701–2. doi:10.1038/444701a. PMID 17151655. 
  4. ^ Bryner, Jeanna. "Bat found to have longest licker". MSNBC. Retrieved 2006-12-07. 
Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorWikipedia
Sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tube-lipped_nectar_bat&oldid=618648357

testing

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorNathan Muchhala, Neotropical Pollination
Sourcehttp://neotropical-pollination.myspecies.info/node/283

testing2

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorNathan Muchhala, Neotropical Pollination
Sourcehttp://neotropical-pollination.myspecies.info/node/284

testing

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorNathan Muchhala, Neotropical Pollination
Sourcehttp://neotropical-pollination.myspecies.info/node/283
Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith